Abstract: End stage renal failure (ESRD) caused by diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main reason of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) death. Microalbuminuria is an important early predictor of DN. Early diagnosis and timely treatment is important to prevent the DN development to ESRD. This paper summarizes the epidemiology, clinical features, early diagnosis and prevention of T1DM nephropathy (T1DN), hoping to raise the attention of early diagnosis and prevention of T1DN.